ABOUT THIS COUNTRY
South Africa is a country on the southernmost tip of the African continent, marked by several distinct ecosystems. Inland safari destination Kruger National Park is populated by big game. The Western Cape offers beaches, lush winelands around Stellenbosch and Paarl, craggy cliffs at the Cape of Good Hope, forest and lagoons along the Garden Route, and the city of Cape Town, beneath flat-topped Table Mountain.
South Africa’s real GDP growth was 0.2% in 2019. The pandemic and the containment measures to curb the spread of the virus further damaged the economy. Real GDP contracted by 8.2% in 2020, the result of a decline in construction, transport and communication, manufacturing, and mining. On the demand side, all components declined, with the largest contraction, 32.4%, recorded in investment. The Reserve Bank of South Africa cut the policy rate by a cumulative 300 basis points in 2020, from 6.5% to 3.5%, to support businesses and households affected by the pandemic. Inflation was estimated to decline to 3.4% in 2020, within the reserve bank target of 3%–6%. The budget deficit was estimated to widen significantly to more than 14% of GDP, mainly due to spending pressures to contain the economic impact of the pandemic. The country will, however, record its first current account surplus in 2020, estimated at about 1% of GDP, because of the high price of the gold it exports, a low bill for fuel imports, and increased agricultural exports.
Reasons to invest in South Africa:
- Africa is on the rise: The African continent is on the cusp of transformative growth, with blossoming entrepreneurship and plenty of opportunities for smart and simple business solutions. Africa is a 1.2bn-person market, a number expected to double over the next 30 years. The continent has been gradually transformed in the past 20 years, and if you haven’t noticed you are not alone. Generally, business leaders tends to overestimate the challenges of doing business in Africa and underestimate the size and potential on the African continent. Thereby not stating that the African markets are easy to do business in, but emphasising that they are worth the effort, and companies not engaged in African markets risk losing out on one of the 21st century’s great growth opportunities.
- Large economy in Africa: South Africa is the second largest economy on the continent, only exceeded by Nigeria, which has more than three times the population size. Over the past decade, South Africa has experienced rapid change and is ranked by the World Bank as an “upper middle-income country”. Of the more than 400 companies on the continent earning more than $1bn annually, about half are in South Africa. The country is nevertheless highly divided, with a large part of the population living in poverty. The division makes South Africa an interesting economy with possibilities in many segments. The country have well-developed infrastructure and world-class financial sector to support business activities, and is one of the highest ranking African countries on the ease of doing business index.
- Growing middleclass: Since the fall of Apartheid South Africa has experienced rapid economic growth, and in recent years South Africa’s black middleclass has expanded. This group’s purchasing power is increasing, and the high and middle-income groups are expected to rise with the country’s economic growth.
- Gateway to Sub-Saharan Africa: Not only is South Africa itself an important emerging economy, it is also the gateway to Sub-Saharan markets, where its well-developed infrastructure allows for transportation into Africa. The country is a regional leader and a member of the BRICS collaboration. South Africa is a good place to establish a business in the region, and many companies expand their business activities from South Africa to the rest of the region.
- A green match: The development towards a sustainable future is of high priority in South Africa, and many of the challenges facing South Africa are solvable with Danish technology that ensures sustainability. An example is the South African water sector, which Denmark has supported since the fall of Apartheid in 1994. Today, Danish water companies thrive in the South African market, as Denmark is global leader in water use and efficiency, and deliver solutions that save water and energy.
- Growing population and insufficient status quo: Currently water and electricity coverage, along with housing, waste management, infrastructure and health care is insufficient to meet the needs of the South African population. The population growth and urbanization in South Africa will amplify current demand in the future, and the gaps hold business opportunities for Danish companies.
Mining
Agriculture
Manufacturing
Mining
- In 2019, the country was the world’s largest producer of platinum; the world’s largest producer of chromium; the world’s largest producer of manganese; the 2nd largest world producer of titanium; the world’s 11th largest producer of gold; the 3rd worldwide producer of vanadium; the 6th largest world producer of iron ore; the 11th largest world producer of cobalt; and the 15th largest world producer of phosphate. It was the world’s 12th largest producer of uranium in 2018.
- Mining has been the main driving force behind the history and development of Africa’s most advanced economy. Large-scale and profitable mining started with the discovery of a diamond on the banks of the Orange River in 1867 by Erasmus Jacobs and the subsequent discovery and exploitation of the Kimberley pipes a few years later. Gold rushes to Pilgrim’s Rest and Barberton were precursors to the biggest discovery of all, the Main Reef/Main Reef Leader on Gerhardus Oosthuizen’s farm Langlaagte, Portion C, in 1886, the Witwatersrand Gold Rush and the subsequent rapid development of the goldfield there, the biggest of them all.
- South Africa is one of the world’s leading mining and mineral-processing countries.[63] Though mining’s contribution to the national GDP has fallen from 21% in 1970 to 6% in 2011, it still represents almost 60% of exports.[64] The mining sector accounts for up to 9% of value added.
Agriculture
- In 2018, South Africa produced 19.3 million tonnes of sugarcane (14th largest producer in the world), 12.5 million tonnes of maize (12th largest producer in the world) 1.9 million tons of grape (11th largest producer in the world), 1.7 million tons of orange (11th largest producer in the world) and 397 thousand tons of pear (7th largest producer in the world). In addition, in the same year, it produced 2.4 million tons of potato, 1.8 million tons of wheat, 1.5 million tons of soy, 862 thousand tons of sunflower seed, 829 thousand tons of apple, 726 thousand tons of onion, 537 thousand tons of tomato, 474 thousand tons of lemon, 445 thousand tons of grapefruit, 444 thousand tons of banana, 421 thousand tons of barley, in addition to smaller productions of other agricultural products, such as avocado, pineapple, peach, tangerine, pumpkin, cabbage, carrot, rapeseed, sorghum etc.
- The agricultural industry contributes around 5% of formal employment, relatively low compared to other parts of Africa, as well as providing work for casual labourers and contributing around 2.8% of GDP for the nation. However, due to the aridity of the land, only 13.5% can be used for crop production, and only 3% is considered high potential land. The sector continues to face problems, with increased foreign competition and crime being two of the major challenges for the industry. The government has been accused of either putting in too much effort, or not enough effort, to tackle the problem of farm attacks as opposed to other forms of violent crime.
- Maize production, which contributes to a 36% majority of the gross value of South Africa’s field crops, has also experienced negative effects due to climate change. The estimated value of loss, which takes into consideration scenarios with and without the carbon dioxide fertilisation effect, ranges between tens and hundreds of millions of Rands.
- According to FAOSTAT, South Africa is one of world’s largest producers of: chicory roots (4th); grapefruit (4th); cereals (5th); green maize and maize (7th); castor oil seed (9th); pears (9th); sisal (10th); fibre crops (10th). In the first quarter of 2010, the agricultural sector earned export revenues for R10.1 billion and used R8.4 billion to pay for imported agricultural products, therefore earning a positive trade balance of R1.7 billion.
Manufacturing
- The manufacturing industry’s contribution to the economy is relatively small, providing just 13.3% of jobs and 15% of GDP. There are growing sectors of manufacturing, however, such as in the Space industry. Labour costs are low, but not nearly as low as in most other emerging markets, and the cost of the transport, communications and general living is much higher.
- The South African automotive industry accounts for about 10% of South Africa’s manufacturing exports, contributes 7.5% to the country’s GDP and employs around 36,000 people. Annual production in 2007 was 535,000 vehicles, out of a global production of 73 million units in the same year. Vehicle exports were in the region of 170,000 units in 2007, exported mainly to Japan (about 29% of the value of total exports), Australia (20%), the UK (12%) and the US (11%). South Africa also exported ZAR 30.3 billion worth of auto components in 2006
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